Which is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing a severe allergic reaction?

In the context of a severe allergic reaction, often referred to as anaphylaxis, the priority nursing intervention is to administer prescribed epinephrine. This is because epinephrine acts quickly to counteract the severe and potentially life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as airway swelling, vasodilation, and decreased blood pressure. Administering epinephrine provides immediate relief by constricting blood vessels, increasing heart rate, and relaxing airway muscles, which can prevent respiratory distress and shock.

While monitoring vital signs, applying oxygen, and starting intravenous fluids are also important interventions in the overall management of a patient experiencing an allergic reaction, they are secondary to the administration of epinephrine. Without promptly addressing the anaphylactic reaction with epinephrine, the patient can quickly deteriorate, leading to a greater risk of complications. Therefore, the timely administration of epinephrine directly addresses the underlying cause of the severe allergic reaction and is critical for patient safety.