In which case should a nurse closely monitor for nephrotoxicity in a patient receiving medication?

Monitoring for nephrotoxicity is particularly critical when a patient is prescribed an antibiotic, especially certain classes of antibiotics that are known for their potential adverse effects on kidney function. Many antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin) and vancomycin, can lead to kidney damage if not used carefully. They often require dose adjustments based on kidney function, and monitoring drug levels may also be needed to prevent toxicity.

In contrast, while diuretics can impact kidney function by altering fluid and electrolyte balance, they are not primarily associated with direct nephrotoxicity to the same degree as some antibiotics. Anabolic steroids and antidiabetic medications also do not typically carry a significant risk of nephrotoxicity when used appropriately, although they may have other side effects requiring monitoring. Therefore, a nurse should maintain heightened vigilance for kidney function and signs of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving certain antibiotics due to their established risk profile.